现有的数据驱动和反馈流量控制策略不考虑实时数据测量的异质性。此外，对于缺乏数据效率，传统的加固学习方法（RL）方法通常会缓慢收敛。此外，常规的最佳外围控制方案需要对系统动力学的精确了解，因此对内源性不确定性会很脆弱。为了应对这些挑战，这项工作提出了一种基于不可或缺的增强学习（IRL）的方法来学习宏观交通动态，以进行自适应最佳周边控制。这项工作为运输文献做出了以下主要贡献：（a）开发连续的时间控制，并具有离散增益更新以适应离散时间传感器数据。 （b）为了降低采样复杂性并更有效地使用可用数据，将体验重播（ER）技术引入IRL算法。 （c）所提出的方法以“无模型”方式放松模型校准的要求，该方式可以稳健地进行建模不确定性，并通过数据驱动的RL算法增强实时性能。 （d）通过Lyapunov理论证明了基于IRL的算法和受控交通动力学的稳定性的收敛性。最佳控制定律被参数化，然后通过神经网络（NN）近似，从而缓解计算复杂性。在不需要模型线性化的同时，考虑了状态和输入约束。提出了数值示例和仿真实验，以验证所提出方法的有效性和效率。

ICECUBE是一种用于检测1 GEV和1 PEV之间大气和天体中微子的光学传感器的立方公斤阵列，该阵列已部署1.45 km至2.45 km的南极的冰盖表面以下1.45 km至2.45 km。来自ICE探测器的事件的分类和重建在ICeCube数据分析中起着核心作用。重建和分类事件是一个挑战，这是由于探测器的几何形状，不均匀的散射和冰中光的吸收，并且低于100 GEV的光，每个事件产生的信号光子数量相对较少。为了应对这一挑战，可以将ICECUBE事件表示为点云图形，并将图形神经网络（GNN）作为分类和重建方法。 GNN能够将中微子事件与宇宙射线背景区分开，对不同的中微子事件类型进行分类，并重建沉积的能量，方向和相互作用顶点。基于仿真，我们提供了1-100 GEV能量范围的比较与当前ICECUBE分析中使用的当前最新最大似然技术，包括已知系统不确定性的影响。对于中微子事件分类，与当前的IceCube方法相比，GNN以固定的假阳性速率（FPR）提高了信号效率的18％。另外，GNN在固定信号效率下将FPR的降低超过8（低于半百分比）。对于能源，方向和相互作用顶点的重建，与当前最大似然技术相比，分辨率平均提高了13％-20％。当在GPU上运行时，GNN能够以几乎是2.7 kHz的中位数ICECUBE触发速率的速率处理ICECUBE事件，这打开了在在线搜索瞬态事件中使用低能量中微子的可能性。

Majorana示威者是一项领先的实验，寻找具有高纯净锗探测器（HPGE）的中性s中性双β衰变。机器学习提供了一种最大化这些检测器提供的信息量的新方法，但是与传统分析相比，数据驱动的性质使其不可解释。一项可解释性研究揭示了机器的决策逻辑，使我们能够从机器中学习以反馈传统分析。在这项工作中，我们介绍了Majorana演示者数据的第一个机器学习分析。这也是对任何锗探测器实验的第一个可解释的机器学习分析。训练了两个梯度增强的决策树模型，以从数据中学习，并进行了基于游戏理论的模型可解释性研究，以了解分类功率的起源。通过从数据中学习，该分析识别重建参数之间的相关性，以进一步增强背景拒绝性能。通过从机器中学习，该分析揭示了新的背景类别对相互利用的标准Majorana分析的重要性。该模型与下一代锗探测器实验（如传说）高度兼容，因为它可以同时在大量探测器上进行训练。

准确的实时流量预测对于智能运输系统（ITS）至关重要，它是各种智能移动应用程序的基石。尽管该研究领域以深度学习为主，但最近的研究表明，开发新模型结构的准确性提高正变得边缘。取而代之的是，我们设想可以通过在具有不同数据分布和网络拓扑的城市之间转移“与预测相关的知识”来实现改进。为此，本文旨在提出一个新型的可转移流量预测框架：域对抗空间 - 颞网（DASTNET）。 Dastnet已在多个源网络上进行了预训练，并通过目标网络的流量数据进行了微调。具体而言，我们利用图表表示学习和对抗域的适应技术来学习域不变的节点嵌入，这些嵌入式嵌入将进一步合并以建模时间流量数据。据我们所知，我们是第一个使用对抗性多域改编来解决网络范围的流量预测问题的人。 Dastnet始终优于三个基准数据集上的所有最新基线方法。训练有素的dastnet应用于香港的新交通探测器，并且在可用的探测器可用时（一天之内）可以立即（在一天之内）提供准确的交通预测。总体而言，这项研究提出了一种增强交通预测方法的替代方法，并为缺乏历史流量数据的城市提供了实际含义。

制定了具有机器学习模拟（骆驼）项目的宇宙学和天体物理学，通过数千名宇宙的流体动力模拟和机器学习将宇宙学与天体物理学结合起来。骆驼包含4,233个宇宙学仿真，2,049个n-body和2,184个最先进的流体动力模拟，在参数空间中采样巨大的体积。在本文中，我们介绍了骆驼公共数据发布，描述了骆驼模拟的特性和由它们产生的各种数据产品，包括光环，次麦，银河系和空隙目录，功率谱，Bispectra，Lyman - $ \ Alpha $光谱，概率分布函数，光环径向轮廓和X射线光子列表。我们还释放了超过骆驼 - 山姆的数十亿个星系的目录：与Santa Cruz半分析模型相结合的大量N身体模拟。我们释放包含350多个Terabytes的所有数据，并包含143,922个快照，数百万光环，星系和摘要统计数据。我们提供有关如何访问，下载，读取和处理数据AT \ URL {https://camels.readthedocs.io}的进一步技术详细信息。

有限的角度X射线断层扫描重建是一个不良反问题一般。特别是当投影角度有限并且在光子限制条件下进行测量时，来自经典算法的重建，例如过滤的反光，可能导致由于缺失的问题而获取伪影。为了获得令人满意的重建结果，通常在重建算法中结合在重建算法中的令人满意的重建结果，例如总变化最小化和非局部图像相似度。在这项工作中，我们介绍了深度神经网络，以确定并应用重建过程的先前分配。我们的神经网络直接从合成训练样本中学习。因此，神经网络获得了对我们对重建感兴趣的对象类的特定的先前分配。特别是，我们使用了具有3D卷积层和3D注意图层的深生成的模型，这些层在来自DubBed电路库的3D合成集成电路（IC）数据上培训。我们证明，当投影角度和光子预算受到限制时，来自我们深度生成模型的前沿可以显着提高合成数据的IC重建质量，而与最大似然估计相比。使用电路库的合成IC数据训练深度生成模型说明了从机器学习之前学到的学习功能。我们预计，如果使用实验数据再现过程，机器学习的优势将持续存在。机器学习在有限角X射线断层扫描的优点可以进一步能够在低光子纳米级成像中实现应用。

Making histopathology image classifiers robust to a wide range of real-world variability is a challenging task. Here, we describe a candidate deep learning solution for the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge 2022 (MIDOG) to address the problem of generalization for mitosis detection in images of hematoxylin-eosin-stained histology slides under high variability (scanner, tissue type and species variability). Our approach consists in training a rotation-invariant deep learning model using aggressive data augmentation with a training set enriched with hard negative examples and automatically selected negative examples from the unlabeled part of the challenge dataset. To optimize the performance of our models, we investigated a hard negative mining regime search procedure that lead us to train our best model using a subset of image patches representing 19.6% of our training partition of the challenge dataset. Our candidate model ensemble achieved a F1-score of .697 on the final test set after automated evaluation on the challenge platform, achieving the third best overall score in the MIDOG 2022 Challenge.

Research has shown that climate change creates warmer temperatures and drier conditions, leading to longer wildfire seasons and increased wildfire risks in the United States. These factors have in turn led to increases in the frequency, extent, and severity of wildfires in recent years. Given the danger posed by wildland fires to people, property, wildlife, and the environment, there is an urgency to provide tools for effective wildfire management. Early detection of wildfires is essential to minimizing potentially catastrophic destruction. In this paper, we present our work on integrating multiple data sources in SmokeyNet, a deep learning model using spatio-temporal information to detect smoke from wildland fires. Camera image data is integrated with weather sensor measurements and processed by SmokeyNet to create a multimodal wildland fire smoke detection system. We present our results comparing performance in terms of both accuracy and time-to-detection for multimodal data vs. a single data source. With a time-to-detection of only a few minutes, SmokeyNet can serve as an automated early notification system, providing a useful tool in the fight against destructive wildfires.

State space models (SSMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art sequence modeling performance in some modalities, but underperform attention in language modeling. Moreover, despite scaling nearly linearly in sequence length instead of quadratically, SSMs are still slower than Transformers due to poor hardware utilization. In this paper, we make progress on understanding the expressivity gap between SSMs and attention in language modeling, and on reducing the hardware barrier between SSMs and attention. First, we use synthetic language modeling tasks to understand the gap between SSMs and attention. We find that existing SSMs struggle with two capabilities: recalling earlier tokens in the sequence and comparing tokens across the sequence. To understand the impact on language modeling, we propose a new SSM layer, H3, that is explicitly designed for these abilities. H3 matches attention on the synthetic languages and comes within 0.4 PPL of Transformers on OpenWebText. Furthermore, a hybrid 125M-parameter H3-attention model that retains two attention layers surprisingly outperforms Transformers on OpenWebText by 1.0 PPL. Next, to improve the efficiency of training SSMs on modern hardware, we propose FlashConv. FlashConv uses a fused block FFT algorithm to improve efficiency on sequences up to 8K, and introduces a novel state passing algorithm that exploits the recurrent properties of SSMs to scale to longer sequences. FlashConv yields 2$\times$ speedup on the long-range arena benchmark and allows hybrid language models to generate text 1.6$\times$ faster than Transformers. Using FlashConv, we scale hybrid H3-attention language models up to 1.3B parameters on the Pile and find promising initial results, achieving lower perplexity than Transformers and outperforming Transformers in zero- and few-shot learning on a majority of tasks in the SuperGLUE benchmark.

Objective: Imbalances of the electrolyte concentration levels in the body can lead to catastrophic consequences, but accurate and accessible measurements could improve patient outcomes. While blood tests provide accurate measurements, they are invasive and the laboratory analysis can be slow or inaccessible. In contrast, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a widely adopted tool which is quick and simple to acquire. However, the problem of estimating continuous electrolyte concentrations directly from ECGs is not well-studied. We therefore investigate if regression methods can be used for accurate ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentrations. Methods: We explore the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for this task. We analyze the regression performance across four electrolytes, utilizing a novel dataset containing over 290000 ECGs. For improved understanding, we also study the full spectrum from continuous predictions to binary classification of extreme concentration levels. To enhance clinical usefulness, we finally extend to a probabilistic regression approach and evaluate different uncertainty estimates. Results: We find that the performance varies significantly between different electrolytes, which is clinically justified in the interplay of electrolytes and their manifestation in the ECG. We also compare the regression accuracy with that of traditional machine learning models, demonstrating superior performance of DNNs. Conclusion: Discretization can lead to good classification performance, but does not help solve the original problem of predicting continuous concentration levels. While probabilistic regression demonstrates potential practical usefulness, the uncertainty estimates are not particularly well-calibrated. Significance: Our study is a first step towards accurate and reliable ECG-based prediction of electrolyte concentration levels.